聚焦“专业岗位职务能力”背景下的课程改革与实践——以“建筑结构基础与钢筋算量”课程为例

建筑结构识图和钢筋算量是高职土建类专业学生的核心技能之一。通过聚焦"专业岗位职务能力",对课程重新定位,结合工作岗位任务进行教学内容选取并实施综合考核方式,使学生的知识技能更加贴合专业岗位需求,并实现学生学习热情的长效性,让学生更加适应市场需求,取得了较好的教学效果。     

艰险山区铁路施工营地建设关键技术问题研究

艰险山区铁路工程沿线地区一般具有自然灾害频发、高原高寒缺氧、建设条件极为困难、施工周期超长等复杂的外部环境。为满足艰险山区铁路施工营地建设“以人文本”需求,给参建人员生活提供适宜安全的环境,基于艰险山区铁路工程施工营地建设的外部环境分析,从房屋材质备选方案比选、营地建设需解决的关键技术问题、节能环保等方面对施工营地建设关键技术问题进行研究,并提出具体的方案与建议。研究成果可为山区铁路及类似工程的施工营地建设提供参考借鉴。     

铁路货车制动梁对车轮磨耗影响的调查分析

铁路货车提速后车轮磨耗加剧,把握磨耗规律,采取有效减磨措施是亟待解决的课题。通过对铁路货车中拉杆式制动梁在缓解状态的理论受力分析及制动状态横移的调研统计,发现制动时固定杠杆与游动杠杆侧制动梁反向横移,1、4、6、7位轮瓦磨耗位置贴近轮缘;通过车轮磨耗调研发现,车轮踏面先于轮缘磨耗,且支点侧的2、4、6、8位车轮磨耗量偏大;固定杠杆侧轮对因制动梁横移引起轮瓦磨耗区域不对称,加剧支点侧车轮磨耗,形成轮径差后影响游动杠杆侧轮对横移,导致支点侧车轮磨耗偏重。从结构上消除制动梁未平衡横向力,并在运用中监控轮径差可减缓车轮磨耗的发展。     

冰雪条件下中国驾驶员跟驰行为及模型研究

分析驾驶员在冰雪条件下的驾驶行为特性，建立考虑驾驶员行为特性的跟驰模型，有助于丰富现有交通流理论.通过招募驾驶员开展实车跟驰试验，对比分析正常条件与冰雪条件下的驾驶行为差异.进而基于任务难度均衡理论构建包含人类因素参数的任务难度模块，引入改进后的智能驾驶员模型，并采用车辆轨迹数据对模型进行标定和有效性验证.研究表明：驾驶员在跟驰行驶过程中受外界刺激及自身驾驶能力影响时会对车辆行驶状态进行动态调整，试图保持期望间距，且速度与前车一致的状态；冰雪条件下驾驶员采取风险补偿行为，其车头时距波动幅度较正常条件收窄，模型引入人类因素参数可以较好地描述其差异性. 模型有效性验证表明，新模型在6个仿真场景中的表现都优于传统智能驾驶员模型，且表现出更好的鲁棒性.研究结果可为冰雪条件下的交通管理措施制定提供理论支持.     

半潜式平台稳性研究

海洋资源勘探不断向深海发展，适合深海作业的半潜式平台成为研究热点，而稳性校核多是针对自升式平台，少有对半潜式平台的稳性研究。考虑到柱稳式平台与自升式平台稳性恒准的差异，本文针对半潜式平台，用Moses软件计算半潜式平台稳性，具体做法为对某一半潜式平台进行数字化建模，之后通过改变横摇角得到平台的风倾力矩和复原力矩曲线，从而对平台的完整稳性、碰撞破损稳性以及单舱进水剩余稳性进行分析校核。得出结论如下：1）该平台在油田拖航下最危险的情况为艏摇角60°时，在其它工况下最危险的情况为艏摇角30°时；2）半潜式平台吃水的增大不利于平台的完整稳性；3）在油田拖航工况下，舱室的组合碰撞破损对平台稳性影响最小；4）对于碰撞破损稳性来说，半潜式平台的稳性程度不一定随着吃水增加而降低，具体情况要根据在不同吃水下不同的舱室组合来判断；5）平台在作业工况、远洋拖航工况和油田拖航工况下最危险的进水舱室分别为WB01P、FWD4P和AFT3P；6）平台的吃水增加不利于平台单舱进水后的剩余稳性。希望本文提出的方法可为其他半潜式平台的稳性分析提供参考。     

Strain prediction for critical positions of FPSO under different loading of stored oil using GAIFOA-BP neural network

FPSO (floating, production, storage and offloading) units are widely used in the offshore oil and gas industry. Generally, FPSOs have excellent oil storage capacity owing to their huge oil cargo holds. The volume and distribution of stored oil in the cargo holds influence the strain level of hull girder, especially at critical positions of FPSO. However, strain prediction using structural analysis tools is computationally expensive and time consuming. In this study, a prediction tool based on back-propagation (BP) neural network called GAIFOA-BP is proposed to predict the strain values of concerned positions of an FPSO model under different oil storage conditions. The GAIFOA-BP combines BP model and GAIFOA which is a combination of genetic algorithm (GA) and an improved fruit fly optimization algorithm (IFOA). Results from three benchmark tests show that the GAIFOA-BP model has a remarkable performance. Subsequently, a total of 81 sets of training data and 25 sets of testing data are obtained from experiment using fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensors installed on the surface of an FPSO model. The numerical results show that the GAIFOA-BP is capable of predicting the strain values with higher accuracy as compared with other BP models. Finally, the reserved GAIFOA-BP model is utilized to predict the strain values under the inputs of a 10-day time series of volume and distribution of stored oil. The predicted strain results are further used to calculate the fatigue consumption of measurement points.     

大跨度钢箱梁斜拉桥中跨合龙关键技术

以4座主跨超过400 m的钢箱梁斜拉桥中跨合龙控制为背景,对大跨度钢箱梁斜拉桥中跨合龙的2种方法进行对比分析,对合龙各主要工序的关键技术进行研究。提出了合龙段配切长度的计算公式和合龙口宽度连续观测的测点布置方式。建议:在调整好合龙口姿态后可不加压重,也可不采用临时劲性骨架锁定;采用无线采集设备采集合龙口结构的温度场,用激光测距仪测量合龙口宽度以提高观测效率和安全性;在悬臂施工阶段关注梁长累计误差并通过调整后续梁段的制造长度消除之。     

大直径公轨两用越江隧道消防设计技术创新

武汉三阳路长江隧道是世界上首座城市道路与地铁合建的盾构隧道,隧道的消防设计是保证工程运营安全的重点和难点。针对公轨两用越江隧道的工程特点,消防设计采用了消火栓系统、泡沫-水喷雾灭火系统、灭火器系统联用的方式,并配备自动灭火系统和气体灭火系统。对消防系统的设计原则、系统布置、关键技术参数、设备选型以及技术创新等进行重点阐述。     

Evaluating determinants of attractiveness and their cause-effect relationships for container ports in Taiwan: users’ perspectives

The attractiveness of ports is usually a pre-requisite and necessary condition for ports to achieve competitiveness, as well as the springboard to explore the competitive advantages of ports. To determine whether a port is competitive, it is necessary to explore whether it boasts certain factors that make the port attractive to users. The main purpose of this article is to apply the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) method and the Decision Making Trial and Evaluation Laboratory (DEMATEL) technique to evaluate key determinants of attractiveness and their cause/effect relationships for container ports in Taiwan. The empirical results showed that: (1) Top six determinates of attractiveness for container ports are ‘ample cargo sources,’ ‘favorable port charges,’ ‘dense ship network and routes,’ ‘low transshipment costs,’ ‘efficient wharf operations,’ and ‘adequate wharfs and back-line land,’ respectively. (2) Among the above six determinants of attractiveness, ‘ample cargo sources’ is the cause determinant. Three determinants of port attractiveness, ‘favorable port charges,’ ‘dense ship network and routes,’ ‘low transshipment costs,’ which are the effect determinants. They are affected by the determinants of attractiveness of ‘ample cargo sources’. In addition, this study discusses the above findings and expects to provide the study results to Taiwan’s port authorities for reference.     

基于多源数据的公交车能耗碳排放测算模型

公交车能耗碳排放强度与车辆、线路和驾驶员有显著相关关系，为精准刻画其能耗碳排放强度特征，整合OBD监测数据、加油(气)数据、运营排班数据等多源数据资源. OBD监测数据和加油(气)数据呈显著的线性关系，证明修正后的OBD监测数据可满足分析要求. 搭建“速度-能耗碳排放强度曲线”测算模型，幂函数关系的拟合优度R2 =0.972 6 为最高. 实证研究发现，平均速度在10~60 km/h 变化时，液化天然气(LNG)车比柴油车能耗碳排放强度高 3.3%~33.7%，双层车比铰接车高2.4%~13.3%；LNG铰接车在不同线路、相同速度下的强度相差9.6%；不同驾驶员在相同线路的能耗碳排放强度可相差24.2%. 模型为各城市基于多源数据开展公交能耗碳排放目标设定提供数据支撑.